Acute Psychiatric Care - 992 Words

Professional development programs are vital to help associations and individuals to provide services and products that meet clients expectations. In the therapeutic profession, this is particularly important, since the service delivered affect the health and well-being of clients and their families. Entering the Marriage and Family Therapy program was therefore an important part of my personal and professional development, helping me to become not only a better future therapist and counselor, but also to become a better person in general by means of the emotional and personal skills I developed. Personal and Professional Growth In terms of my personal growth, I developed certain personal and professional skills, one of which was patience. All counselors need to display patience, but in the setting of marriage and family counseling, I think this is particularly important. In a setting that also includes acute mental conditions, it is easy for families to become agitated and impatient with each other. A counselor will need to be sufficiently strong emotionally to absorb these agitated emotions and to help calm the atmosphere in the setting. Patience is also an important personal skill in my interactions with others. I have not been a particularly impatient person in the past, but being made aware of the importance of this trait in the therapist setting has also helped me to become better when interacting with others. What this means is that I have become a betterShow MoreRelatedClinical Microsystem Assessment : Psychiatric Acute Care Essay808 Words   |  4 Pages Clinical Microsystem Assessment: Psychiatric Acute Care Unit Dimietris D. Thompson Sacred Heart University Clinical Microsystem Assessment: Psychiatric Acute Care Unit Clinical microsystems are â€Å"small functional front-line units such as a hospital unit, outpatient clinic or home health agency† (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2006, p. 6-7). Assessing clinical microsystems marks the beginning of the system’s improvement journey (European Medical Alliance, 2016).Read MoreNurse Practitioner : Psychology And Pediatrics1174 Words   |  5 Pagesone must get a masters but there is currently a push toward Doctors of Nursing Practice programs for this field. Two subspecialties include psychology which is focused on the entire life span and pediatric which can either focus on acute or primary care. A psychiatric nurse practitioner focuses on treating people with psychological illnesses often with a high level of severity. Serving as an addition to the treatment team he/she can work in a variety of settings. They are commonly employed in groupRead MoreWhat is Emergency Psychiatry?1345 Words   |  5 Pages EMERGENCY PSYCHIATRY Introduction: It is an acute disturbance of behavior, thought or mood of a patient which if untreated may lead to harm, either to the individual or to others. Sign and Symptoms: In emergency situations, psychiatrists are often faced with the diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting with psychiatric symptoms of sudden or presumed recent onset. These symptoms can be subdivided into the following types: 1. Agitation and violent behavior, with or without signs of alcoholRead MoreThe Incidence Of Aggression And Violence Essay923 Words   |  4 Pagesand violence in acute mental health settings is internationally recognised as an ongoing and significant issue (Gascon, Martinez-Jarreta, Gonzales-Andrade, Santed, Casalod Rueda 2009). Although the problem is endemic among mental health professionals, nurses are at a higher risk of experiencing patient or family violence compared to other healthcare providers and auxiliary staff (Schablon, Zeh, Wendeler, Peters, Wohlert, Harling Nienhaus 2012). Evidence suggests that psychiatric nurses are twoRead MoreBehavioral Health Issues Within Inpatient Psychiatric Treatment1564 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction One of the most frequently reported behavioral health issues in inpatient psychiatric settings involves patient assaults (Perez, 2014). Increased occurrence of assaults can have a damaging impact on the life of psychiatric patients (Luckhoff et al., 2013). It presents a threat to the physical and psychological well-being of both psychiatric nursing staff and all patients present (Luckhoff et al., 2013). There are numerous studies showing assaults occurring amongst staff and patientsRead MoreWhat Makes A Excellent Mental Health Nurse?1564 Words   |  7 Pagesthe acknowledgment of how these findings can improve psychiatric nursing care. Introduction Within the introduction of this research article the need to include mental health consumers is evident when assessing the type of care that facilitates exemplarily mental health nursing. Additionally, this research is relevant to psychiatric nursing practice as the therapeutic relationship is a key component to quality care (College of Registered Psychiatric Nurses of British Columbia, 2010). Therefore if theRead MoreNursing Informatics For The American Nurses Association ( Ana )1214 Words   |  5 Pagespatients at the facility where I work. This has open access to specialties at the VA such as wound care and mental health. Nurse practitioners have a more direct care with patients. Yes they do use technology in their practice, but is for during the care of the patient. Nurse practitioners are advanced practice nurses who are trained to provide primary care to patients through diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic illness. According to the International Council of Nurses, an nurse practitioner/advancedRead MoreThe Social Discourse Of Bipolar Disorder1643 Words   |  7 Pagesefficacious therapies for both the acute manic episodes as well as the depressive phases. There are a number of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved medications for the treatment of all phases of bipolar disorder [8]. The purpose of this review is to examine the evidence on said treatments and to curate and interpret this data so that clinicians can make informed clinical decisions. That being said, bipolar disorder is associated with a variety of comorbid psychiatric diagnosis, including but notRead MoreEssay on Social Phobia Disorder1149 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Phobia Social phobia is a kind of disorder, which involves fear regarding societal situations and accomplishable destructive criticism. Social phobia is the greatest general psychiatric problem in epidemiological examination, with estimation of life time occurrence in western circle as more as 16%. Common phobia generally come out in adolescence and is associated with deep distress, destruction and comorbid problem. Females in clinical trials are higher possible than males to social anxietyRead MoreThe Key Interpersonal Skills?1746 Words   |  7 Pagesagree would support the doctor’s clinical opinion. Amelia is suffering from the psychosis, schizophrenia. This diagnosis is clear because of her hallucinations and persecutory delusional thought process that has detached her from reality (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). A person is first diagnosed by a set of pre-determined criteria and reported systems, ranging in types and severity of the illness (Hungerford et al., 2015). In agreeance with the doctor’s diagnosis it is evident that Amelia

Book Review on Political Inquiry - 2133 Words

Introduction The ‘method and research patterns in political science’ written by James Jacob and Agaba Halidu is the work which is written by the mentioned authors to help students in political science and other social science to get the basic understanding on how research should be conducted and come out with scientific conclusion in the subject of discourse or the subjection of investigation. The book, give lucidity foundation in the process of carrying out a scientific investigation in political science and other related social science field. We are ask to review from chapter 1-6, therefore the book will be reviewed chapter by chapter considering each chapter under review to appreciate the good works and criticize where the authors†¦show more content†¦(B) Research type based on methodology: The authors mentioned the types of research that falls under this typology, which they said are; (i) quantitative vs. qualitative (ii) experimental vs. non-experimental (i ii) historical and descriptive research. (i) Quantitative vs Qualitative Research: Qualitative research methods is based on values and not numbers while quantitative is based on numeric and Quantifiable data to generalize in its conclusion. (ii) Experimental vs Non-experimental Research: Experimental research examine the possible influence that one factor or condition may have on another factor or condition. The experimental research is mostly conducted in laboratory, as it is in physics, biology and other pure sciences. (iii) Historical and Descriptive Research: Historical research is base on the study of past events which helps us to understand the present and enables us t o predict the future. In historical research both primary and secondary data sources are employed. While Descriptive research is to describe some phenomenon or to documents its characteristics. CHAPTER 3: WRITING RESEARCH PROPOSAL The chapter three of the book provides measures which the research candidate should maintain when presenting his/her proposal to the research supervisor. The authors mentioned the major features which should never be avoided which they listed and explained as follows; (i)Show MoreRelatedResearch Proposal1267 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Proposal: It addresses a particular project: academic or scientific research.  It also contains extensive literature reviews and must offer convincing support of need for the research study being proposed.   Doctoral dissertations begin with research proposal; the proposal must be accepted by a panel of experts (usually professors) before the actual research can begin.   In addition to providing rationale for the proposed research, the proposal must describe a detailed methodology for conductingRead MoreThe Positivist Post-Positivist Paradigm: Understanding the Social World of the Indigenous People1296 Words   |  6 Pageswe sought to impose our own system, to persuade the native people to conform to our political models (p. 236). The indigenous people have their way of living, they hint their food, and they live in a quite and peaceful land where they live off their own economy. The pipeline would destroy the Northern Homeland. In an interview with the President of the National India n Brotherhood told Berger (1988) in the Inquiry, â€Å"[s]uch projects have occurred time and time again in our history. They were, and areRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1361 Words   |  6 PagesBook Review Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness The premise of the ‘The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness’ by Michelle Alexander, is to refute claims that racism is dead and argue that the War on Drugs and the federal drug policy unfairly targets communities of color, keeping a large majority of black men of varying ages in a cycle of poverty and behind bars. The author proves that racism thrives by highlighting theRead MoreOppression and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Persons 1091 Words   |  5 Pagestransgender (LGBT) community are leveraging the existence of more globalized and open systems. Besides, the promotion of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender population have been acknowledged through smart partnerships within conventional, political and economic scene, while the males and heterosexuals are still pervasive. Beyond the simple justice to give this element of equal rights to lesbians and gays, the legalization of gay marriage in selected states reflects a change in attitudesRead MoreFrom Movements to Parties in Latin America. The Evolution of Ethnic Politics. Donna Lee Van Cott. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2005. Pp. 2761079 Words   |  5 PagesThe author analyzes how indigenous people’s movements in Latin America transformed into viable political parties. For her, these new parties are good for the democracy because they enrich and enhance the legitimacy of the political and electoral system. She assumes that the primary link between state and society are the parties and its accountability impact on the institutions. She proves that the crisis of the traditional parties and the transformation of the historical electoral constrains wereRead MoreBook Review of Buffalo Creek Disaster1266 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor will critically review Gerald M. Sterns The Buffalo Creek Disaster in terms of critiquing the authors thesis, supporting arguments, supporting evidence and authority, style, and content. It will also place the work in the context of the larger debate about the relationship between law and business. It is the position of this author that Mr. Sterns position is correct and this position will be supported in the essay. Analysis of the Authors Evidence In the book, Stern details descriptionsRead MoreBiography of Socrates, An Annotated Bibliography1581 Words   |  6 Pages Bibliographical Annotations FUTTER, DYLAN. â€Å"Socrates Human Wisdom.† Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review 52.1 (2013): 61-79. Humanities International Complete. Print. Dylan, the senior lecturer of the Department of Philosophy at University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg and author of several articles provides the argument that a satisfactory interpretation of human wisdom can be given in terms of â€Å"philosophia†.He confirms his analysis by its resolution of some enduring difficulties in theRead MoreBook Review- One Crazy Summer870 Words   |  4 PagesBook Review- One Crazy Summer The genre historical fiction focuses young readers to inform them about historical and significant cultural events in history, but to do in a way that is comfortable for readers in this age group. One Crazy Summer is a good example of young adult literature of highlighting cultural/historical events and entertaining to its audience. Two characteristics that make this a great novel for middle school readers is that 1- It encourages further inquiry( historical) andRead MoreMethodology And Methods Of An Methodology1633 Words   |  7 Pagesfindings from my literature review and the results of my subject. Another limitation that may occur with my case study is the difficulty of generalising my results due to it being an individual case (Flyvbjerg, 2006). However, a counterargument of this is comes from Newbury (2009) who argues the help of statistics and previous case studies surrounding a similar topic can be analysed together to present recurring problems. This is relatable to my research as in my literature review I have analysed quantitativeRead MoreThe Five Paradigms Of Public Administration1196 Words   |  5 Pagesof the state will. ïÆ' ¼ Administration: has to do with the execution of these policies. B Leonard D white he published in 1926 the first textbook devoted in to the field of public administration Introduction to the study of public administration. The book is considered by waldo as quite essentially American progressive character: ï  ¶ Politics should not intrude on administration. ï  ¶ Management lends itself to scientific study. ï  ¶ Public administration is capable of becoming a value free science in its own

Benefit Programs in the Major Airline Industry Free Essays

string(23) " net income by 1,490%\." The Human Resource topic that we selected is to analyze the benefit programs of four major airlines. Benefits are important to employees as well as their families, and can be a powerful recruiting tool. Benefits also play a major role in managerial decisions and wise benefit choices can have a long-term impact on the quality of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefit Programs in the Major Airline Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some characteristics of a sound benefits program are, they must have clear specific objectives, they must allow for employee input, they must be responsive to societal and environmental change, provide for flexibility, and there must be clear communication with employees. One of the main challenges that companies face are the overall costs of these benefit programs to the companies themselves, as well as staying competitive in hopes to attract high quality employees. Almost 40% or $14,678 per employee is spent on benefit programs per year. American Airlines like many other airlines are facing many challenges in the HR area of benefits and incentives. American Airlines as we all know is one of the leading airlines in today†s airline industry. This status reflects upon Americans benefit program. American Airlines realizes that it must stay competitive in this area to ensure that they get the most qualified employees. American Airlines offers many benefits and incentives for their employees with hopes to attract the best. Many of the benefits are standard and required by law such as social security, unemployment, workers compensation, and leaves without pay. What really must be paid attention too are the benefits and incentives that are offered in addition to the ones required by law. These benefits and incentives are what attract individuals to work for American rather than another airline. Benefits such as a 401 K – Super Saver, which allows up to an ample 20% tax provision, a stock purchase plan, a credit union which could help one to buy a house, and personal emergency coupled with sick pay, just to name a few. American Airlines also recognizes ten major holidays for which employees do not have to work, yet they still get paid. Most of these are benefits that competing airlines offer, but one benefit stands out. American Airlines pass travel program is a benefit that many do not tend to overlook. American does not offer free stand-by tickets to its employees until they have been with the airline for 10 years. What they do offer are special discounted rates. This is the major weakness in their strategy to attract employees with benefits. American offers a very long list of benefits and incentives but this is one that is left out. I believe that American Airlines is making a big mistake by not allowing employees to fly for free. To become more effective American Airlines should add this benefit to its list so that it can be competitive with the other airlines. American has many strengths which include benefits that the other airlines do not offer such as a 401 K plans of up to 20%, and a credit union. Although at the same time it has a very large weakness, which is their travel plan that only offers its employees discounted rates, instead of free airfare. American Airlines must feel that it does not have to offer this benefit to attract potential workers, because it has so many other benefits to offer. Continental Airlines prides itself on offering a wide variety of benefits to their employees. The eligibility for these benefits varies according to the length of time an employee has worked for the company, and the position that they hold. One challenge that Continental Airlines face is the cost of providing these benefits to their employees. They have to make sure that they are financially able to provide these benefit programs, while still attracting high quality employees to their company. Some of these benefits include travel passes, profit sharing, stock purchase plans, retirement plans, 401(k) savings plan, vacation and sick pay, an expense reimbursement plan, medical and dental insurance, vision insurance, life insurance, and accident insurance. Although Continental employees and their families are able to travel at reduced rates; they are not able to fly completely for free, which may be considered unfavorable by some employees. Continental employees are also able to share in the financial growth of the company by purchasing Continental stock at a discounted rate. Continental also provides a fully funded retirement plan, which employees vest in after five years of service. It also provides the 401(k) savings plan, which is a great way for employees to save for retirement. The employees can save up to 19% of their salary before taxes are withheld. Continental also matches a portion of their employees† contributions to the 401(k) savings plan. Full and part time employees of Continental are able to take advantage of paid vacations, as well as the sick leave policy which gives employees time off from work, with pay, when they are ill or unable to work. Continental also provides immediate accident insurance upon employment for all of their employees. Continental does provide many benefits upon the initial employment of their employees; however, some benefit plans are not available until seven months after they have been employed. These include medical and dental insurance, vision insurance, long-term disability plan, and life insurance. Most of the plans are pre-tax, which allows employee tax savings. For every employee, there is a benefits program that best suits him or her. Younger employees who do not have the responsibility of families may not be looking for the same benefits as an older employee with a family. Continental needs to realize these differences in employees, in order to provide a benefit program that will attract the high quality employees they are looking for. Southwest Airlines is currently the fastest growing airline in the business. Over the past 10 years Southwest have grown its revenues by 388% and its net income by 1,490%. You read "Benefit Programs in the Major Airline Industry" in category "Essay examples" Some of the things that have helped Southwest to grow so quickly are their personnel. They have found ways to hire employees that have out-performed every major airline for the past three years. Their hiring tactics can be accredited to a healthy business network, in-depth research, a good job database, strong recruiting staff, and an outstanding benefits program. Southwest offers its employees a very competitive benefits program. Their program offers passes and travel privileges, medical insurance, dental insurance, life insurance, long term disability insurance, sick leave, vacation and holiday pay, profit-sharing, 401 (k) plan, stock purchase plan, and a employee assistance plan. One of the special benefits to working at Southwest is flying for free on Southwest and flying free or at a reduced rate on other carriers with whom Southwest has a pass agreement. Effective from the first day of employment, all employees, their spouses, dependant children, and parents of employees all have unlimited travel privileges on Southwest. An employee may view this as a huge benefit when they decide they would like to travel. On the downside of this part of the benefit program, Southwest does not fly everywhere in the United States, and that may pose a problem for an employee that would like to travel somewhere that Southwest does not offer service. Another benefit is Southwest†s medical, dental, and life insurance plans. Employees may choose to incorporate their families with their medical and dental plans in order to save the employee money. The medical and dental plans will cover 100% of the employee†s medical and dental needs, as well as their families needs, with minimal cost to the employee. For the life insurance plan, employees may choose coverage up to 4 times their base annual income in order to protect their family. The long-term disability program is set up in case an employee becomes disabled and can no longer work. Funds are still paid to the family in order to compensate for the employee†s inability to work due to disability. Depending on employment classifications, employees are able to gather time off for personal illness and vacations. Employees celebrate several paid holidays throughout the calendar year, based on their employment classification. Southwest offers its employees a 401-(k) plan. The plan is designed to help employee†s plan for their retirement. Eligible employees may contribute up to 15% of their pay to the plan on a pre-tax basis. Employees direct their investments and may borrow against their account balance. Employees are the basic fiber of Southwest Airlines, so they feel that employees should be able to share in the success of the company by investing in Southwest Airlines Co. tock through payroll reductions. Employees pay only 90% of the market value for the stock, and broker commissions are paid for by Southwest. Southwest cares very much for their employees well being. They offer their employees an assistance plan that helps when employees need it most. The plan provides professional assistance for employees and their families in order to solve personal problems that may arise that would cause their personal lives and job performance to suffer. Southwest Airlines realizes that without its employees the company would cease to work. Southwest offers these benefits to help keep their employees happy and provided for and in return their employees strive to keep Southwest on top. United Airlines is a true global airline that has over 140 stations in more than 30 countries around the world. United prides itself on being a company where opportunity and advancement are determined solely on merit and individual achievement. United supposedly values diversity not only because it is the correct thing to do, but because it is the right business thing to do. United†s stated position is that all employees should be treated with respect and dignity. The policy not only extends to employees, but to United†s customers, vendors, and independent contractors as well. Some of the benefits that United offers to its employees are; company-paid medical, dental, life and long-term disability insurance, pension plan, paid vacations, travel passes, stock purchase plan, 401(k) plan, and credit union. Going against the company†s policy, United Airlines has been in litigation with the city of San Francisco concerning the â€Å"Equal Benefits Law†. Last year United Airlines supposedly negotiated a two-year exemption from the law in order to renew a 25-year lease with the San Francisco Airport. After opposing letters from the National Writers Union (NWU) United Airlines has joined with Air Transportation Association (ATA) in a lawsuit against the city of San Francisco challenging the ordinance. United claimed they never made an agreement with San Francisco and has not yet made a commitment to providing domestic partner benefits. The ordinance states that any entity that contracts with the city of San Francisco must provide equal benefits to its employees† registered domestic partners that it provides to married spouses. Out of its 94,000 hired employees, United currently has approximately 10,000 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender employees. We believe that United is not very committed to diversity. It is obvious to see that United is trying to limit their benefit packages to those individuals that are not registered domestic partners. Some states still do not recognize domestic partners as legal binding marriages, and as a result, these individuals cannot receive equal benefits. United†s problem is that almost 11% of its total workforce is comprised of lesbians, gays, bisexuals, or transgenders. If United is committed to having diverse employees they should also be diverse in their benefit coverage. United should recognize that they have a diverse background and these select individuals need to be given equal benefits regardless of the added costs. The text mentions that part of providing a sound benefit package is allowing employees to given input into the benefit system. Having employees participate in designing benefits programs would help ensure that management is moving in the direction of satisfying employee wants. To meet the many changes occurring in society, management must reflect these changes in the employee benefits programs. The fact is that benefit plans sometimes provide little advantage to employees. Even though United might be trying to save money, their treatment towards domestic partners are limiting the organization†s ability to attract and retain quality employees. Some of the most effective policies and strategies for dealing with benefit programs are encompassed within each of the four airlines benefit programs offered. There are several benefits that are required by law, which include Social Security, Unemployment, Workers Compensation, and Leaves without Pay. Overall, American Airlines seemed to offer the most versatile benefits program. Although other programs offered similar benefits, we found that American Airlines offered the most conservative program. For example, United Airlines, and Southwest Airlines both offer free flights to all employees as well as their families, which may be more appealing to a young employee without a family. On the downside, we discovered that Southwest Airlines has a limited flight area, which minimizes their costs when employees take advantage of these programs, and allows them to offer these strategic benefits. We feel that American and Continental Airlines are overlooking an important strategic hiring strategy, by not offering free flights to all their employees, since cost of flights are fixed. For example, a flight that is only at 85% capacity will fly for the same price as a flight that is at 100% capacity. Continental Airlines, has a competitive benefits program as well, but it lacks the flight area which both United and American Airlines offer. We felt that American and United Airlines offered the best benefit programs, although American does not offer free flights from day one of employment, they offer many other compelling incentives such as, personal emergency assistance, vacation buying programs, credit union assistance, as well as flight discounts for their employees. How to cite Benefit Programs in the Major Airline Industry, Essay examples

How is the story told in Jessie Cameron free essay sample

Told by a third person narrator, the poem begins in media res with dialogue from the persistent ‘neighbour’s son’, admirer of Jessie Cameron, repeating the titular character’s name with desire. This young lady who Rossetti creates as self-confident and stubborn is formed as a woman in her own right who is defiant enough to refuse the hand of a bachelor, multiple times. Subsequently, the setting of the beach becomes clearer, as the menacing sea draws nearer. Jessie’s persistence becomes more forceful as the story progresses until she starts refusing to answer him. We then hear of the ‘foot that would not fly’, and the meaning of this becomes apparent when the poem moves into the second part, where rumours are discussed about the death of the pair, through reported narrative. The poem ends with the debate of possibilities about their deaths, and the distinct image of the ‘hand or hair’ in the sea. In the first four stanzas, the setting of twilight on the beach is described at the start- ‘Day was verging towards the night, There beside the moaning sea’. This setting then continues into the second half of the poem but the reader becomes aware of the attempt Rossetti is making for the setting of the sea, which represents society, to be almost up against Jessie Cameron’s character. Rossetti writes ‘But now her feet are in the foam, The sea-foam sweeping higher. ’ The strength of the sea, or her opposition as society, is gaining power against her stubbornness, and will for independence. The setting then looks to the ‘darkening beach’. It is perhaps here that the reader is encouraged to assume that the pair drowned, as the darkening of the scene almost reflects the move from life into death. Therefore, Rossetti primarily tells this story using the reinforcement of the powerful imagery that is linked to the setting, in order to reflect upon the rumours that structure the story. The poem of Jessie Cameron has a clear structure of two distinct halves. The first involves the dialogue and interaction between Jessie Cameron and her lover, the ‘neighbour’s son’. This is a specific event and shows this series of actions from the past in linear chronology. The dialogue between the two youths is argumentative. He cannot accept that she want s to be free of him. Their conversation is portrayed like the sea, with ‘to and fro’. The second half is structured mainly around rumours of what happened to Jessie Cameron and her lover. It involves a lot of words such as ‘some say’ and ‘whether’. There is therefore a contrast shown between the concrete, true details of the first section and the vague uncertainty of the events that followed in the second half. This section interestingly starts with the powerful fifth stanza, in which the most dramatic rumour is mentioned, that the lover used powerful gypsy magic to conjure the sea that drowned them together. As the sea becomes more and more aggressive, the speech of the lover echoes it with desperation, almost as if he is chanting a spell or a curse. This sudden change of tone makes the change between sections much more apparent. However, it is clear that the narrator is reserving judgement on the matter as Rossetti writes ‘Yet he had gone through fire and flood, Only to win her smile. ’ This almost biblical description makes him seem almost admirable, as well her. The narrator is not accusing him, but simply reporting the rumours that others are. By using this kind of narrator, Rossetti tells the story of the poem in an unbiased way, allowing the reader to make his own judgement. This poem has a third person narrator. They have no insight into the feelings of Jessie Cameron or her lover. There is however numerous references to the pressure of society in this poem, showing that the narrators perspective is heavily affected by these views in relation to Jessie Cameron’s character. The sea, as a theme brought to the foreground of the poem by the repeated mentions of it as an image, could be seen to represent the repressive society of the era. Jessie Cameron’s outgoing personality and readiness to speak stand in direct contrast to the traditional expectations of a modern Victorian maiden who is demure, timid and slow to speak. The sea is personified throughout the poem which enhances this impression, and also makes the theme of society more prominent. The two lines that seem most important are ‘The troubled sea for all its stir, Finds no voice to tell. ’ We understand that society cannot find any ways to deal with women like Jessie Cameron who want independence. The sea, as society, keeps the secret story of Jessie Cameron to itself, yet at the end it has the last word, quashing the voice of Jessie Cameron which seemed so strong and defiant at the start. Therefore, Rossetti uses this story, in the appropriate form of a ballad, to be told and passed between generations for years to come- armed against the traditional Victorian society in which it was written. To conclude, the aspects of narrative that are arguably dominant in the telling of this story are the setting, structure and narrative voice. There is a consistent use of thematic imagery and symbolism, but all of these techniques create a story that the reader can relate to and learn from, and it can be passed on through the centuries and generations as a well-known ballad.

Thomas Jefferson Essays (1088 words) - Thomas Jefferson,

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson is remembered in history not only for the offices he held, but also for his belief in the natural rights of man as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and his faith in the people's ability to govern themselves. He left an impact on his times equaled by few others in American history. Born on April 13, 1743, Jefferson was the third child in the family and grew up with six sisters and one brother. Though he opposed slavery, his family had owned slaves. From his father and his environment he developed an interest in botany, geology, cartography, and North American exploration, and from his childhood teacher developed a love for Greek and Latin. In 1760, at the age of 16, Jefferson entered the College of William and Mary and studied under William Small and George Wythe. Through Small, he got his first views of the expansion of science and of the system of things in which we are placed. Through Small and Wythe, Jefferson became acquainted with Governor Francis Fauquier. After finishing college in 1762, Jefferson studied law with Wythe and noticed growing tension between America and Great Britain. Jefferson was admitted to the bar in 1767. He successfully practiced law until public service occupied most of his time. At his home in Shadwell, he designed and supervised the building of his home, Monticello, on a nearby hill. He was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1769. Jefferson met Martha Wayles Skelton, a wealthy widow of 23, in 1770 and married her in 1772. They settled in Monticello and had one son and five daughters. Only two of his children, Martha and Mary, survived until maturity. Mrs. Martha Jefferson died in 1782, leaving Thomas to take care of his two remaining children. Though not very articulate, Jefferson proved to be an able writer of laws and resolutions he was very concise and straight to the point. Jefferson soon became a member in a group which opposed and took action in the disputes between Britain and the colonies. Together with other patriots, the group met in the Apollo Room of Williamsburg's famous Raleigh Tavern in 1769 and formed a nonimportation agreement against Britain, vowing not to pay import duties imposed by the Townshend Acts. After a period of calmness, problems faced the colonists again, forcing Jefferson to organize another nonimportation agreement and calling the colonies together to protest. He was chosen to represent Albermarle County at the First Virginia Convention, where delegates were elected to the First Continental Congress. He became ill and was unable to attend the meeting, but forwarded a message arguing that the British Parliament had no control over the colonies. He also mentioned the Saxons who had settled in England hundred of years before from Germany and how Parliament had no more right to govern the colonies than the Germans had to govern the English. Most Virginians saw this as too extreme, though. His views were printed in a pamphlet called A Summary of the Rights of British America (1774). Jefferson attended the Second Virginia Convention in 1775 and was chosen as one of the delegates to the Second Continental Congress, but before he left for Philadelphia, he was asked by the Virginia Assembly to reply to Lord North's message of peace, proposing that Parliament would not try to tax the settlers if they would tax themselves. Jefferson's "Reply to Lord North" was more moderate that the Summary View. Instead of agreeing with Lord North, Jefferson insisted that a government had been set up for the Americans and not for the British. The Declaration of Independence was primarily written by Jefferson in June 1776. Congress felt that the Declaration was too strong and gave Dickinson the responsibility of redrafting the document, but the new version included much of Jefferson's original text and ideas. In 1779, Jefferson became governor of Virginia, guiding Virginians through the final years of the Revolutionary War. As a member of the Second Continental Congress, he drafted a plan for decimal coinage and composed an ordinance for the Northwest Territory that formed the foundation for the Ordinance of 1787. In 1785, he became minister to France. Appointed secretary of state in President Washington's Cabinet in 1790, Jefferson defended local interests against Alexander Hamilton's policies and led a group called the Republicans. He was elected vice-president in 1796 and protested the enactment of the Alien and Sedition Acts by writing The Kentucky Resolutions. In 1800, the Republicans nominated Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr (A Buh. hahaha) for vice-president. Federalists had nominated John Adams for president and

Nitrogen (N2)â€Its Discovery, Danger and Uses

Nitrogen (N2)- Its Discovery, Danger and Uses Nitrogen is the primary gas in the atmosphere. It makes up 78.084 percent by volume in dry air, and that makes it the most common gas in the atmosphere. Its atomic symbol is N and its atomic number is 7.   The Discovery of Nitrogen   Daniel Rutherford discovered nitrogen in 1772. He was a Scottish chemist and a physician with a passion for understanding gases, and he owed his discovery to a mouse. When Rutherford placed the mouse in a sealed, enclosed space, the mouse naturally died when its air ran low. He then attempted to burn a candle in the space. The flame didnt fare well either. He tried phosphorous next with much the same result.   He then forced the remaining air through a solution that absorbed the carbon dioxide that remained in it. Now he had air that was devoid of both oxygen and carbon dioxide. What remained was nitrogen, which Rutherford initially called noxious or phlogisticated air. He determined that this remaining gas was expelled by the mouse before it died.   Nitrogen in Nature   Nitrogen is a part of all plant and animal proteins. The nitrogen cycle is a pathway in nature that transforms nitrogen into usable forms. Although much of the fixation of nitrogen occurs biologically, such as with Rutherfords mouse, nitrogen can be fixed by lightning as well. Its colorless, odorless and tasteless.   Everyday Uses for Nitrogen You may regularly consume traces of nitrogen because its often used to preserve foods, particularly those that are prepacked for sale or sold in bulk. It delays oxidative damage- rotting and spoiling- by itself or  when combined with carbon dioxide. Its also used to maintain pressure in beer kegs.   Nitrogen powers paintball guns. It has a place in making dyes and explosives.   In the health care field, its widely used in pharmacology and is commonly found in antibiotics. Its used in X-ray machines and as an anesthetic in the form of nitrous oxide. Nitrogen is used to preserve blood, sperm and egg samples.   Nitrogen as a Greenhouse Gas Compounds of nitrogen, and particularly nitrogen oxides NOx, are considered greenhouse gases. Nitrogen is used as a fertilizer in soils, as an ingredient in industrial processes, and is released during the burning of fossil fuels.   Nitrogens Role in Pollution   Sharp rises in the number of nitrogen compounds measured in the air began surfacing during the Industrial Revolution. Nitrogen compounds are a primary component in the formation of ground-level ozone. In addition to causing respiratory problems, nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere contribute to the formation of acid rain. Nutrient pollution, a major environmental problem in the 21st century, results from excess nitrogen and phosphorous accumulated in water and air. Together, they promote underwater plant growth and algae growth, and they can destroy water habitats and upset ecosystems when theyre allowed to proliferate unchecked. When these nitrates find their way into drinking water- and this sometimes occurs- it presents health dangers, particularly for infants and the elderly.

The Domestication of Animals and its Impact on World Civilizations Essay

The Domestication of Animals and its Impact on World Civilizations Over Time - Essay Example Both Eastern and Western hemispheres experienced huge progress in uniquely different ways. One innovation that largely affected the development of societies and contributed to their progress was the domestication of animals. The domestication of animals positively impacted civilizations around the world by advancing agricultural and economic development, improving trade and international relations, and expanding cultural expression. The advancement of agriculture and economic aspects occurred in many different civilizations including the Chinese, Egyptian, and even Neolithic societies as a result of the domestication of animals. During the time span of the Xia dynasty to the Han Dynasty, the Chinese domesticated animals such as chickens, ducks, pigs, and dogs (Gascoigne). These ducks, pigs, and dogs were used as their fresh food source. Chickens also served as a food producer of eggs, a food commonly consumed in the Chinese diet. In addition to supplying a fresh source of food, domesticated animals in China were also used to help produce crops. The Chinese utilized oxen to pull plows, which helped humans more efficiently plow their land and positively affected the agricultural growth as a result of the increased production of crops. Therefore, the domestication of animals shaped both the Chinese diet and improved its economy through the increase of agricultural efficiency. In Egypt, cattle and pigs were raised t o supply major food products as well. Later on during the New Kingdom, Egyptians started to domesticate chickens, which served the same purpose for the Egyptians as it did for the Chinese.

Effective Communication Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Effective Communication Case Study - Essay Example An estimated 22000 people have been killed to date due to inhalation of the gas and thousands have to undergo continuous treatments just to breathe in air and survive. Throughout the crisis the most significant feature to be observed had been the lack of communication between the government officials, the plant management in India, the higher management in America and the local people working and living in the surrounding region. Aside from the public that was directly involved in the operations of the plant, there were also stockholders to be notified, the public relations staff which had no clue as to what was going on and finally the press. These two groups of publics must have proper communication channels but this was not the case in Bhopal as was evident when the crisis struck. The internal public in this case were basically the senior management which was based in the United States, the local workers and their managers, the government officials (as they were holding 49.1% of the total shares along with the private investors and had been responsible for the layout and design of the plant) and finally the residents and people living in the ne ighboring community. These people had a direct impact due to the leakage and were the ones who were directly involved in all the communication which took place in the aftermath. The external public involved was the press which found out about the event and the private stockholders who had little effect over them. This group remained unscathed throughout the whole ordeal. After the event took place the communication was evident to be of poor standard. The press was the deliverer of most of the news as the communication systems of Bhopal itself were completely inept. The U.S. has to rely on the coverage of the press as its main source of info as they had no system of communication prior to the event. The internal public

Find a topic about math and relate to interior& architecture design Essay

Find a topic about math and relate to interior& architecture design major - Essay Example To better understand the importance of mathematics in architecture, the most initial thing is to come up with a clear understanding regarding the concept of architecture itself. It hence refers to a system of structures and buildings that tend to form a space standard for the people’s activities and lives, as well as the art of creating these structures and buildings in correspondence to the cognitive laws that governs beauty. It follows from this definition that there exist two aspects of Architecture notion. On the other hand, Architecture is a specific kind of technological advancement that is intended for the formation of a space standard for activity and lives of people. The architects should hence be conversant with the mechanical laws so as to ensure that the proper mechanical stability and strength regarding the given structures and buildings. Architecture comes out as a form of Fine Art that should be created by an architect in his "structures and buildings with correspondence to the laws of shape and beauty. This means that an architect has to be accorded clear guideline by the Principles and Laws of Beauty and Harmony in his/her creativity. As a form of Fine Art, Architecture is closely connected to other types of Fine Arts including Music, Painting, and Sculpture. In this correlation the idea of creating emerging mathematical concepts, as well as the Mathematical Harmony tend to arise. It is hence unfeasible make cognitive statements on all the scientific attainments of Mathematical Harmony in a brief essay. Based on the historical perspectives, there is a clear relationship that emerges between metaphysics and physics, and the fact that architecture has always been a perfect contender with regards to the metaphysical representation with its inherent geometrical character. Thus, what can be found as a societal body of knowledge will usually be symbolically represented in its established

Respiratory Infections Caused By Bacteria Biology Essay

Respiratory Infections Caused By Bacteria Biology Essay -Respiratory infections caused by bacteria are quite so many. They can be differentiated by placing them into where they actually cause disease in the respiratory system or tract. Some bacteria cause disease in the upper respiratory tract whilst others affect the lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract comprises the nasal cavity, pharynx and the larynx, whilst the lower respiratory tract is made up of the trachea, primary bronchi and the lungs. When it comes to aetiology, the respiratory infections caused by bacteria can be compared and contrasted as follows: Legionnaires disease is caused by the bacteria Legionalla pneumophila, which is a rod shaped, motile and gram negative, fastidious bacteria. Legionnaires disease is one of the most common causes of atypical pneumonia in hospitalized patients. It is the second most common cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and travel-acquired pneumonia.Legionelloses can occur both sporadically and in epidemics. And over the past decade, Legionnaires Disease cases have increased. This is so because of the common use of central air conditioning, especially in office hotels, buildings and hospitals. In contrast to Legionalla pneumophila, Haemophilus influenzae is a nonmotile, but is also a fastidious, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium like L. pneumophila. Non capsular type b H. influenzae causes is associated with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Disease is e much more common in children than older age groups.. Haemophilus influenzae can cause infection in the respiratory tract, which can spread to other organs. Many species of Haemophilus are normal residents in the upper airways of children and adults and rarely cause disease. Usually, Haemophilus influenzae can cause infections in children and sometimes in adults who have a chronic lung disorder or a weakened immune system. Diphtheria, which is an acute infectious bacterial disease primarily involving the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract (nose, tonsils, pharynx, and larynx), is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. In comparison to L pneumophila and H influenzae, Corynebacterium diphtheria, is a also rod shaped but non motile like H influenza, and in contrast, is gram positive and non fastidious. Normally, streptococcus pneumoniae is a inhabitant of the human upper respiratory tract., but it causes infections like pneumonia, bacteremia, otitis media, meningitis, sinusitis, peritonitis and arthritis. Streptococcus pneumoniae cells are Gram-positive, coccus bacteria. Usually, they are seen as pairs of cocci (diplococci), but they may also occur singly and in short chains.They can be aerobic or anaerobic and are often capsulate. Streptococcus pneumoniae is known in medical microbiology as the pneumococcus, referring to its morphology and its consistent involvement in pneumococcal pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumonia caused pneumonia can be divided into two forms, bronchial pneumonia (100%), most prevalent in infants, young children and aged adults and and lobar pneumonia (80%), which is common in younger adults Streptococcus pyogene, a gram positive cocci, non motile and non spore forming bacteria, causes streptococcal pharyngitis, which is popularly known as strep throat. Strep throat is characterized by a painful, red throat with white patches on tonsils, and is accompanied by swollen lymph nodes, fever, and headache. Streptococcus pyogenes is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen. This is so because it is part of the normal flora of the respiratory tract in many people, not causing any complications until the persons natural defenses become immunocompromised. Mycobacteruim tuberculosis, are rods, gram positive, acid fast and obligate aerobic bacteria. They cause the disease Tuberculosis (TB) whose importance has been compounded by the emergence of AIDS and the appearance of multiple drug-resistant (MDR) strains of M. Tuberculosis. TB most commonly affects the lungs but also can involve almost any organ of the body. There is a vaccine against Tb called Bacille Calmette Guà ©rin, also known as BCG, which is a vaccine given throughout many parts of the world. TB is one of the most serious infectious disease of the resource poor world. It is persistent wherever poverty, malnutrition and poor housing prevail. It affects the apparently healthy as well as being a serious disease of the immunocompromised, as it is particularly with patients with HIV/AIDS. TB is primarily a disease of the lungs, but may spread to other sites Bordetella pertussis, the small gram negative coccobacilli, are slow growing and fastidious bacteria. They cause a disease called whooping cough, whose name is because of the characteristic sound produced when affected individuals attempt to inhale; the  whoop  originates from the inflammation and swelling of the laryngeal structures that vibrate when there is a rapid inflow of air during inspiration. Wooping cough is characterised in three main phases. The  first stage  of whooping cough is known as the catarrhal stage, in which symtoms are runny nose, sneezing, low-grade fever, mild, occasional  cough, similar to the common cold. The cough gradually becomes more severe, and after one to two weeks, the second stage begins. It is during the  second stage  (the paroxysmal stage) that the coughing is most severe. A series of closely spaced coughs occurs, followed by a `whoop` as air is inhaled. Vomitting may be stimulated by the coughing process. Coughing can occasionally be so severe as to rupture blood vessels in the eye or meninges. The  third stage  of whooping cough is the recovery or convalescent stage, where there is a marked decrease in vomiting and paroxysms becomes less frequent and the child sleeps better. And towards the end of this phase, the coughing stops. Whooping cough commonly affects infants and young children but can be prevented by immunization with pertussis vaccine Transmission L. pneumophila is not acquired through a person to a person transmission. The bacteria, thus the disease is acquired by inhalation of contaminated water from showers, Respiratory therapy equipment,air conditioning systems as well as cooling towers. And the bacteria will usually cause respiratory disease in humans after a susceptible host inhales aerosolized water containing the bacteria or aspirates water containing the bacteria. Legionnaires disease is one of the causes of atypical pneumonia and even after inhalation of the bacteria, disease is not obvious. There are therefore,e risk factors which are associated with one getting Legionnaires disease. These are, cancer, usually pulmonary or hematological malignancy, Smoking, Surgery,Diabetes, HIV/AIDS ,Chronic cardiopulmonary disease, Advanced age and Alcohol abuse Haemophilus influenza is a normal habitat of the upper respiratory tract of humans and other animals. The infective bacteria are transmitted from person to person, by air borne route. This is typically through sneezing, coughing, or touching. Corynebacterium diphtheria is a normal habitat of human nasopharynx and occasionally, the skin. Therefore, the disease Diphtheri,a is transmitted from the infected to others via airborne respiratory droplets or by direct contact with nasopharyngeal secretions or skin lesions. Quite, rarely, it can be spread by objects which are contaminated by an infected person. The spread of diphtheria is increased by overcrowding and poor living conditions. Raw milk has served as a vehicle. Infected individuals may develop symptoms of diphtheria, or they may become carriers of the bacteria with no symptoms (asymptomatic carriers). These asymptomatic carriers can serve as reservoirs for active infection and may transmit the disease to other individuals Streptococcus pneumonia is a normal habitat of the human respiratory tract. Therefore, the spread of the bacteria is primarily via droplet spread or aerosol or through contact with nasal secretions of the infected person. It is therefore. a transmission of person to person. Streptococcus pyogenes is a normal habitat of the human upper respiratory tract as well as the skin. The respiratory disease caused by these bacteria, Streptococcal pharyngitis is acquired by inhaling aerosols emitted by infected individuals. Spread is therefore by air-borne droplets, through sneezing and coughing and by contact. M. tuberculosis has the ability to survive in the environment due to the waxy outer coat and this is what aids the transmission of bacteria through air borne droplet spread because they can survive for long periods of time in air and house dust. Therefore, a person can become infected with M. tuberculosis when they inhale minute particles of infected sputum from the air. TB is acquired by inhalation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in aerosols and dust. Air-borne transmission of TB is every effective because infected people release enormous numbers of mycobacterial into the environment, when they cough, sneeze, shout, or spit. In the transmission of TB, social and environmental factors as well as genetic predisposition have a role to play. B. pertussis causes whooping cough, which is a highly contagious disease and is spread among people by direct contact with the nose or mouth fluids from of infected people. People may contaminate their hands with respiratory secretions from an infected person and then touch their own mouth or nose. Another way is that small bacteria-containing droplets of mucus from the nose or lungs enter the air during a cough or sneeze and people can become infected by breathing in these drops. And in vaccinated populations, B.pertussis is brought home by an older person, like even a parent, then spread to the vulnerable population of children. Pathogenesis Once L. pneumophila bacterium is in inhaled, infection will begin. The bacteria virulence factors are unclear, but the bacteria have a way of surviving in the alveolar macrophages. The infection though, will be obvious, if the person has other predisposing risk factors like smoking, cancer, HIV/AIDS, surgery, advanced age, alcohol abuse and diabetes. About 2-9 days after inhaling the bacteria, symptoms will involve headaches, fever chills and a cough which is nonproductive but may become productive as disease progresses. There will also be other symptoms involving the gastrointestinal tract like vomiting, nausea and diarrhea Arthralgias and myalgias are the musculoskeletal symptoms often experienced. And when the L.pneumophila bacteria get to the alveoli, they are attacked by the alveolar macrophages. These alveolar macrophages, will take the bacteria into the food vacuole inside the cell. Most often, the infection will progress because instead of the bacteria being destroyed by the macrophages, the bacteria will instead stop the fusion of the lysosome and monocyte. This will result in the bacteria to multiply inside the macrophage, and they eventually lyse the cell as well as infect other cells. Disease will progress from here. H. influenza interfers with the local expression of the immune response in tissues. Therefore, it does not interfere with the development of an immune response, but will just actively interfere with its expression in tissues. This bacteria liberates a protease that cleaves human IgA antibogy. H. influenza is a resident or invades mucosa where IgA antibodies operate. H. influenzae   has a polysaccharide capsule which is an important virulence factor. This is because the capsule allows the bacteria to resist digestion by phagocytosis. These capsules also protect the bacteria when taken up by the lung macrophages. Diphtheria, the disease is due to production of diphtheria toxin which is controlled by the tax gene, which is integrated into the bacterial chromosome on a lysogenic phage. The toxin`s mode of action is the blocking of protein synthesis in the host epithelial cells by inactivating the elongation factor. The signs and symptoms of respiratory diphtheria, which begin after a 2-5 days incubation period, are because of the bacteriums ability to cause a localized inflammatory reaction of the cells lining the upper respiratory tract. The initial symptoms will be moderate fever, malaise, hoarseness, difficulty in breathing and swallowing and a sore throat. Later the complications may be cardiac, neurologic, infectious, like lung, bone and blood infection and death. So, when respiratory diphtheria progresses, the infected individual may also develop a gray membrane (pseudomembrane) which will form over the lining tissues of the tonsils and/or nasopharynx. In severe disease, patients may also develop neck swelling and enlarged neck lymph nodes. The extension of the pseudomembrane into the larynx and trachea can eventually lead to obstruction of the airway with subsequent suffocation and death. Immunization is the best prevention against diphtheria. The clinical symptoms of S. pneumoniae caused pneumonia include sudden onset of high fever, chest pains, dyspnea and a cough productiveof bloody sputum. In adults though, on set may be less sudden with shortness of breath, fever and altered mental status being the first symptoms of pneumonia. In young children and infants, vomiting, convultions and fever may be the first signs. Pnuemococcal pneumonia is one of the important causes of death in the elderly and infants. And the ones at high risk are those with chronic conditions and with immune deficiencies. Other complications that can arise from infection can be acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and empyema. S pneumoniae is a typical extracellular bacterial pathogen, which has a capsule that protects it from phagocytosis. Therefore, its pathogenicity requires adherence to host cells as well as the ability to replicate evade phagocytosis. It is in this effect that the organism must then gain access to areas where it can manifest infection, either through direct extension or lymphatic or hematogenous spread. Through direct extension, organisms may gain access to areas of the upper and/or lower respiratory tracts (sinuses, bronchi, eustachian tubes) after the colonization. Normally, in a healthy host, anatomic and ciliary clearance mechanisms will prevent clinical infection. But, clearance may be reduced by chronic (bronchitis, smoking, allergies,) or acute (viral infection, allergies) factors, which can lead to infection. Alternatively, by hematogenous spread and after mucosal invasion, pneumococci may reach normally sterile areas, such as the blood, peritoneum, cerebrospinal fluid, or joint fluid Symptoms of strep throat are sore throat, high fever, coughing, swollen lymph nodes and tonsils and a fiery red appearance to pharyngeal tissues which is du to tissue erosion. The M protein enhances the pathogenicity of S. Pyogenes. This protein, which is anchored in the cell wall and cell membrane, encourages adherence to the pharyngeal tissue and retards phagocytosis of the bacteria by the phagocytic cells of the host. Host immunity to Streptococcus pyogenes results from the development of antibodies specific to M protein. Over 80 specific types of M protein have been identified and complete immunity to streptococcal disease requires that a person produce antibodies against all 80 types. In developing countries, TB is a major cause of death and disability. In all cases, the disease begins with exposure to an infectious human source, thereafter, subsequent infection usually goes without notice. The first stage which is called primary infection causes no outward clinical manifestations. In this stage, the bacteria are engulfed by the alveolar macrophages where they can both survive and multiply. Primary TB is often mild and asymptomatic and often in 90% of cases, it does not proceed further. But clinical manifestations develop in the remaining 10% leading to active tuberculosis. and it may take several months from the time the infection initially gets into the lungs until the symptoms develop. In active TB infection, the usual symptoms are a generalized tiredness or  fever, weight loss, weakness, and night sweats. And if the infection in the lung worsens then, chest pain, coughing,  coughing up of sputum and/or blood, and shortness of breath may be experienced. In the event that there is spread of infection beyond the lungs, the symptoms will depend upon the organs involved. M. tuberculosis is an intracellular pathogen, meaning, it is capable of surviving within macrophages. It is capable of surviving intra-cellularly through the inhibition of phagosome-lysosome fusion. Cell mediated immunity alos comes into effect, which causes infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes with development of granulomas (tubercles).. Much of the pathology of TB is due to host immune responsiveness rather than to direct bacterial toxicity. And at times, the bodys immune system becomes weakened, and the TB bacteria break through the scar tissue and can cause active disease, referred to as reactivation tuberculosis or secondary TB. Like the immune system can be weakened by old age, chemotherapy, HIV/AIDS and certain other medications. B.pertussis usually colonizes the ciliated respiratory epithelium of the trachea-bronchial tract. This colonization prevents the cilia from eliminating materials from the respiratory tract and it is this accumulation of materials which stimulates the coughing. It has been seen that capsulation of the bacteria canvplay a role in the successful colonization. A variety of virulence factors of B. pertussis have been demonstrated which are: The Pertussis toxin known for causing death Adenylate cyclise toxin play a role in inhibiting s the defensive functions of neutrophils Tracheal cytotoxin which kills the tracheal epithelial cells and causes local inflammation And the Endotoxin Pathogenesis of B. pertussis is that it colonizes an area which is normally bacteria-free i.e the respiratory epithelium and then disrupts or destroy the first line defense mechanism i.e the cilia The infection is promoted by the bacterium.. Laboratory Diagnosis Legionella pneumophila can be diagnosed in the lab by the following ways, Culture: The specimens are bronchial washings and bronchoalvealor lavage which are better collected before commencement of antibiotic therapy. Legionellae are fastidious organisms requiring cysteine and other essential growth promoting factors for their successful isolation and need 48 hours incubation before growth is visible for up to five days or more. A negative culture is not an obvious exclusion the diagnosis of legionellosis. Serological test Ideally, paired sera collected as soon as possible after the onset of illness and 3 to 6 weeks later should be tested. Direct Fluorescent antibody (DFA) Legionellae can be detected in respiratory secretions by DFA for several days after the start of antimicrobial therapy. DFA staining has also been used for serologic identification of Legionella isolates. Urine Antigen Detection Urinary antigen testing has helped in the recognition of outbreaks of Legionnaires disease allowing for a rapid public health response. Also urine antigen helps make an early diagnosis thus the initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy. immunochromatographic (ICT) membrane assay. This is a very simple test, not needing special laboratory equipment, giving results within 15 min. Nucleic acid based tests Poymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests that have been developed for legionellae Diagnosis of H. influenzae pneumonia is made by successfully culturing, isolation and identification of the bacteria. Identifying H. influenzae needs a sample to be taken from infected tissue and be confirmed by laboratory tests. The specimen is usually grown on culture with the following conditions: On chocolate blood agar ( which is prepared by adding blood to an agar base at 80oC) Incubated at 35-37oC  with optimal pH of 7.6.   under aerobic conditions or under slight CO2  tension (5% CO2 The diagnosis of diphtheria is confirmed by isolation of the bacterium  Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Specimens are taken from the nose and throat in any individual suspected of having diphtheria, as well as their close contacts. For culture, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, can be isolated (and diphtheria can be diagnosed) using the following conditions: Using blood culture-identification is aided by a selective medium on which characteristic black colonies form within 48 hrs at 35 degrees celcius . Biochemically, it is catalase positive and reduces nitrate. The Elek test is used to demonstrate toxin production of the bacteria. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is also used for the identification of the toxin gene Streptococcus pneumoniae can be isolated and identified using culture and biochemical tests. The specimen is usually grown on culture with the following conditions: By use of at 5% blood agar which will grow colonies that characteristically produce a zone of alpha (green) hemolysis, and this differentiates S. pneumoniae from the group A (beta hemolytic) streptococcus, Biochemically, S. pneumoniae is catalase negative and is distinguished from other streptococci by inulin fermentation, optochin sensitivity and bile test. PCR is also available for diagnosis as well as for screening for S.pnumoniae by using respiratory samples or feces When cultured on blood agar, they are alpha hemolytic. Individual cells are between 0.5 and 1.25 micrometers in diameter. They do not form spores, and they are nonmotile. Like other streptococci, they lack catalase and ferment glucose to lactic acid. Unlike other streptococci, they do not display an M protein, they hydrolyze inulin, and their cell wall composition is characteristic both in terms of their peptidoglycan and their teichoic acid S.pyogenes caused Strep throat can be diagnosed through a throat culture or a rapid strep test. The throat culture will be grown on an enriched medium containing blood. S. pyogenes is fermentative, is a facultative anaerobe and is a catalase-negative TB can be diagnosed by a skin test for delayed hypersensitivity with tuberculin. A positive test does not necessarily indicate active disease; merely exposure to the organism Staining and microscopic exam of sputum specimens for the presence of acid-fast bacteria is a rapid test for tuberculosis. When cultured, M. tuberculosis grows very slowly, meaning culture results may delay commencing of treatment for the patient. Culture also requires the use of complex media. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) can also be used to diagnose TB. This test detects the genetic material of the bacteria, it is extremely sensitive (it detects minute amounts of the bacteria) as well as specific (it detects only the TB bacteria). Results are usually ready within a few days. Culture of the bacterium  Bordetella pertussis  from nasal secretions can establish the diagnosis of whooping cough. Since there are difficulties in obtaining the adequate sample, swabs should be inoculated directly onto media at the patients` bedside. It is better to get both post and peri nasal swabs. B. pertussis fails to grow on routine blood agar and only requires enriched medium. Therefore, special media are used for isolation of B. pertussis, and these are Bordet Gengou medium and Lacey`s medium and it needs 3-7 days incubation in moist atmosphere. B.pertussis is then identified on colony appearance basis using the proper medium as well as agglutination tests. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has been used to successfully identify the bacterium and diagnose whooping cough. This test can identify genetic material from the bacterium in nasal secretions

Moral or Immoral Essay -- Martin Luther King Essays

Moral or Immoral In Martin Luther King Jr.’s essay, A Letter from Birmingham Jail he compares the issues of Moral acts verses Immoral acts. This essay was written in response to a letter some clergymen had written after a direct action march Dr. King had participated in. In their letter the clergymen had praised the local police officers and media for the nonviolent and calm manner in which the situation was handled. It was this praise that prompted Dr King to write: â€Å"I have tried to make clear that it is wrong to use immoral means to attain moral ends. But now I must affirm that it is just as wrong or perhaps even more so, to use moral means to preserve immoral ends.† The beginning of this statement refers to the idea of using violence to get the result that you feel you deserve. The second part to this statement refers to doing the right thing to ensure that an injustice will prevail. It is this issue of moral verses immoral that Doctor King bases. The first example of the morality issue Dr. King raises is a just law, verses an unjust law. In his essay Dr King describes to his readers the difference between the two. â€Å"A just law is a man-made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God. An unjust law is a code that is out of harmony with the moral law." Here Doctor King is defending his belief that there is a moral issue in some laws. He defends his statement by giving an example of Germany during the Nazi rule. King discusses what Hit...

From Relative Isolation to Global Involvement Essay

At the time of the Spanish American War the United States went from relative isolation to increased global involvement because of 1. The spirit of the American people captured by the idea of the frontier and, 2. The belief it was the duty of America to maintain peace of all nations. The consequences of this increased global involvement on American Society was 3. The clashing views of the imperialist and anti-imperialist parties. America first took a step towards greater world involvement due to 1. The effects of the frontier on the American spirit. In 1893 Fredrick Jackson Turner delivered the idea of â€Å"The Significance of the Frontier in American History,† to a gathering of historians. According to Turner, the frontier was â€Å"the line of most rapid Americanization.†1 The idea of the frontier as explained by Turner looks at the constant movement westward by the European’s who came to America. It speaks of the time from the first arrival until the time when there is no longer a frontier line, and how the nation developed as the movement westward continued. â€Å"Little by little he transforms the wilderness, but the outcome is not the old Europe, not simply the development of Germanic germs, any more than the first phenomenon was a case of reversion to the Germanic mark. The fact is, that here is a new product that is American. At first, the frontier was the Atlantic coast. It was the frontier of Europe in a very real sense. Moving westward, the frontier became more and more American.†2 As the Americans ventured westward each new move past a frontier was developed on trials of the one before it. Whereas most of the time expansion would be met by other people whom have conquered that land, this was not the case for America, which provided it with a unique opportunity. It was then brought back to the primitive stage as each frontier was advanced upon, giving rise to new forms of government and institutions. The movement of the frontier until there no longer was a line was the main cause of Americanization as America quickly expanded and developed its own ideals apart from that of its mother nation. Americans quickly fell in love with the ideas that they had set in place and started to form imperialistic ideals that it should begin to expand its c ommercial interests elsewhere into the world. As American enjoyed continued expansion and development it was then led to greater world involvement due to 2. The belief that it was the duty of the American people to maintain peace in the world. As time progresses from the days of Washington’s presidency to the time of Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency we see an important shift in the foreign policy of the United States. In Washington’s Farewell Address he warned of the involvement in foreign affairs stating, â€Å"†¦a passionate attachment of one nation for another produces a variety of evils. Sympathy for the favorite nation, facilitating the illusion of an imaginary common interest in cases where no real common interest exists, and infusing into one the enmities of the other, betrays the former into a participation in the quarrels and wars of the latter without adequate inducement or justification.†3 This was the common thought of the time and it was once again exemplified in the Monroe Doctrine d uring President Monroe’s annual message to the Congress in 1823. â€Å" In the wars of the European powers in matters relating to themselves we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our policy to do so.†4 These thoughts of remaining neutral from partaking in foreign affairs remain forefront for the most part up until 1905 when Theodore Roosevelt made a Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. At this point in time we see the shift in American thinking that it is there duty as a nation to intervene on world affairs in a peaceful way as to promote the welfare of all. It also goes on to speak of how if other countries are not acting in a moral way that it would be the responsibility of the American people to intervene in the fashion of an international police. â€Å"Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.†5 These three important historic documents show the shifting foreign policy of America as a nation leading up to and shortly following the Spanish-American war. The consequence of this increased world involvement on the American society  was 3. The rising debate over imperialistic ideals and anti-imperialistic ideals. A major turning point in the ideals of American’s was the conquest of the Philippines. It was regrettably that McKinley was forced into war through exaggerated newspaper articles that caused much uproar in the American society and provided a final push towards the United States entering war with Spain. Following the war President McKinley was quoted as saying: â€Å"When I next realized that the Philippines had dropped into our laps I confess I did not know what to do with them†¦ And one night late it came to me this way†¦1) That we could not give them back to Spain- that would be cowardly and dishonorable; 2) that we could not turn them over to France and Germany-our commercial rivals in the Orient-that would be bad business and discreditable; 3) that we not leave them to themselves-they are unfit for self-government-and they would soon have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spain’s wars; and 4) that there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by God’s grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellow-men for whom Christ also died.†6 This caused much debate in the American society and while many agreed that it was the duty of the United States to do as McKinley said, others argued that this imperialistic way of acting was not at all in line with the foundations the country was built on. This was the start of the Anti-Imperialist League. The Anti-Imperialist League argued that â€Å"†¦imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free.†7 They believed that the imperialistic ideal was directly attacking the ideas that were the backbone of the nation for such a long time that it was a crime to believe in them and practice them. Although there was much debate over these topics, America continued onward with its expansion in the years to come.

Shopping Words and Phrases in Spanish

Shopping Words and Phrases in Spanish For many travelers, shopping is one of the most anticipated activities. If you are visiting a Spanish-speaking area and want to shop, whether that means buying souvenirs or going grocery shopping for the day, this list of words and phrases along with a basic knowledge of grammar and everyday vocabulary should make the task easier. General Shopping Terms and Phrases Consider learning basic terms to understand the type of stores you will be shopping at, including their location and hours. These key phrases will help you talk to a  store manager, such as asking them what you want to try on or where the cash register is. Abierto a las 10 - Open at 10 ¿Hay ...?  - Are there ...? Do you have ...?La  caja; el  cajero, la  cajera  - Cash register or place where payments are made; cashierGracias, muchas gracias, mil gracias  - Thank you, thank you very muchNo lo  quiero. No  los  quiero. No la  quiero. No las quiero.  - I dont want it. (Lo  and  los  are used to refer to things with a masculine name,  la  and  las  for things with a feminine name.)Quiero ...,  por  favor.  - I want ..., please.Quisiera  probarlo,  por  favor.  - I would like to try it (on), please.Quisiera ...,  por  favor.  - I would like ..., please.Voy a pensarlo.  - Ill think about it.Por favor  - PleaseSà ³lo querà ­a mirar.  - Im only looking.Vuelvo pronto. Vuelvo ms tarde.  - Ill  come back  soon. Ill come back later. Words and Phrases for Understanding Cost and Value One of the most important parts of shopping is budgeting. Knowing the value of what you are buying is a must when dealing with exchange rates, foreign currency and a new language. Use the following terms to calculate costs. Barato  - CheapCaro,  cara  - ExpensiveComprar  - To buy ¿Cul es el cambio? - What is the exchange rate? ¿Cunto cuesta?  ¿Cunto  cuestan? - How much does it cost? How much do they cost? ¿Cunto vale?  ¿Cunto valen? - How much is it worth? How much are they worth? ¿Cuntos dà ³lares?  ¿Cuntos pesos?  ¿Cuntos euros? - How much (in dollars)? How much (in pesos)? How much (in euros)? ¿Dà ³nde puedo comprar ...? - Where can I buy ...?Descuento  - DiscountEn  oferta,  en  oferta  especial  - On saleRebaja  - Price reductionDe  rebajas  - On sale, at a discountEn venta, a la venta  - For sale, on saleTarjeta de crà ©dito;  ¿Se aceptan tarjetas de crà ©dito?  - Credit card; Are credit cards accepted?Vender, vendedor  - To sell, seller How to Describe the Items You Are Looking for Looking for something specific? Ask an assistant if they have what you are looking for in a specific size, color or material. The more descriptive, the more they will be able to help you.  ¿Hay ... en  otros  colores?  ¿Hay ... en  otras  tallas?  - Do you have ... in other colors? Do you have ... in other sizes?De  buena  calidad  - Good qualityDe mala  calidad  - Poor qualityPequeà ±o, pequeà ±a  - SmallMediano,  mediana  - Medium (in size)Grande  - LargeSon muy bonitos. Son muy  bonitas.  - Theyre very pretty. (Bonitos  is used to refer to things with a masculine name,  bonitas  if the name is feminine.)

The eNotes Blog Writers Reflect on the New Year Top Ten Resolutions andObservations

Writers Reflect on the New Year Top Ten Resolutions andObservations Another year, come and gone.   Here are ten reflections from writers thinking about the future and dealing with their pasts: 10.  Ã‚  Yesterday, everybody smoked his last cigar, took his last drink and swore his last oath.   Today, we are a pious and exemplary community.   Thirty days from now, we shall have cast our reformation to the winds and gone to cutting our ancient shortcomings considerably shorter than ever.   ~ Mark Twain 9. The object of a New Year is not that we should have a new year. It is that we should have a new soul and a new nose; new feet, a new backbone, new ears, and new eyes. Unless a particular man made New Year resolutions, he would make no resolutions. Unless a man starts afresh about things, he will certainly do nothing effective. ~ G.K. Chesterton 8. I made no resolutions for the New Year. The habit of making plans, of criticizing, sanctioning and molding my life, is too much of a daily event for me. ~ Anais Nin 7.   Every man should be born again on the first day of January.   Start with a fresh page.   Take up one hole more in the buckle if necessary, or let down one, according to circumstances; but on the first of January let every man gird himself once more, with his face to the front, and take no interest in the things that were and are past. ~ Henry Ward Beecher 6.   Drop the last year into the silent limbo of the past.   Let it go, for it was imperfect, and thank God that it can go.   ~ Brooks Atkinson 5.   The only way to spend New Years Eve is either quietly with friends or in a brothel.   Otherwise when the evening ends and people pair off, someone is bound to be left in tears.   ~W.H. Auden 4. For last years words belong to last years language And next years words await another voice. And to make an end is to make a beginning. ~T.S. Eliot, Little Gidding 3.   â€Å"No one ever regarded the First of January with indifference. It is that from which all date their time, and count upon what is left. It is the nativity of our common Adam. ~ Charles Lamb 2. â€Å"The new year begins in a snow-storm of white vows.† ~ George William Curtis 1.   Good resolutions are simply checks that men draw on a bank where they have no account. ~ Oscar Wilde Want to know more about these authors and their famous works? Check out for author biographies, full book summaries, and so much more!

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Report - Essay Example The main reason for the accidents is lack of proper training and lack of safety equipment. The management does not provide proper personal protective equipments to the employees. When new employees are hired, they are not inducted properly which result in accidents. Record of all the accidents inside the work place is maintained. By analyzing this record I was able to make a hypothesis about certain areas which were most dangerous as compared to others. Primary source of Information: I did not use any other source of information; instead I focused on visiting the workplace personally and to collect data about potential hazards personally. I went to those areas which showed higher rate of accidents and injuries in the record. I noted down all the potential hazards for the workers. I visited each and every corner of the work place and collected information about all the potential hazards. By visiting the whole workplace I was able to identify the potential hazards and the old data gave us information about the total number of accidents and injuries in certain areas of the workplace. However I wanted to know about the whole incident, how that happened and who was at the fault. For this purpose I had to arrange interviews with the workers who fell prey to those accidents. So, I interviewed the workers and asked them how the accidents happened with them. They told me the real facts about the accidents. Some workers admitted that it was totally their own mistake. Had they taken some precautionary measures, this accident could have been avoided. Some workers mentioned the carelessness of the management for not adopting safety measures on particular machines. After these interviews we were able to make an opinion that why those accidents happened in the past and how they could have been avoided. Recommendations: It has not become possible in any part of the world to create a hazard free workplace. However through adopting precautionary measures it has become possible t o reduce the accidents and their severity to a great extent. By properly arranging things in the workplace we can easily reduce the risk factor in the workplaces. If we focus more on training it is possible to bring down the accidents rate to almost zero percent.( Armstrong & Baron, 2002) The management should follow the recommendations given below in order to avoid accidents in the future and to make the workplace safe for the workers. Management should not send in experienced and newly recruited employees on machines without any senior worker. They can only work on machines in the presence and supervision of a senior employee for a specific time period.( Price & Price, 2011) There were many large and small objects on the floor when I surveyed the organization. All the objects should be placed properly and there should be some marking with different color lines. A walking area should be marked separately which should be kept clear all the times. Forklifts were moving around in the workplace carrying some heavy objects. Those forklifts should have a separate route marked with yellow color and forklift should operate only in that marked areas. There were few cranes in operation inside the workplace and they were carrying very huge and heavy objects from one point to another. Any mishap can happen there. There should a strong net of steel above the workers, so that if any object may fell, it may not hurt the workers. All the

Research an emerging infectious disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Research an emerging infectious disease - Essay Example s of containing such fear by informing the public that there is no possibility of getting the virus from casual contact with others (Bernstein, 2015). The article also describes how the virus is transmitted. It is noted as being transmitted by coming into contact with infected body fluids. Such fluids may involve blood, feces, and vomit (Bernstein, 2015). As a result, health workers and people with contact with victims are at a higher risk (Bernstein, 2015). There is also a suggestion of intervention strategies in the article. One of the strategies is to adopt safe burial practices (Bernstein, 2015). The other strategy is to isolate those individuals infected with the virus. In the second article by Dennis Brady, the focus is on changes that have taken place on Ebola virus since the recent outbreak. The changes are shown as a challenge to diagnosis as well as the treatment of the virus. The paper also focuses on the recent cases of the virus in West Africa and traces the origin of the virus that has devastated the region. The virus origin is traced to the funeral of a traditional healer that had been treating patients with the virus (Dennis, 2014). Moreover, proper treatment and control of the virus is said to depend on proper genomic sequencing of the virus. The author notes that changes in the virus affect accuracy of the diagnostic test. Moreover, the change affects effectiveness of the vaccines as well as treatment. The argument is that gathering data on genetic of the virus will help in containing the spread in different parts of the world. Hence, the argument is that genetic technology will help in controlling the virus outbreak and spread. There are various assumptions made in the two articles. One of the assumptions is that limited airborne of Ebola virus is likely to occur (Bernstein, 2015). However, this is flawed as there has been no reported case of virus being spread through the air. Major cases have been documented of spread of the virus. In these